常见问题

是的。 我们为客户提供OEM/ODM解决方案。 OEM 最小起订量为 10,000 件。

我们按联合国规定包装，也可根据客户要求提供特殊包装。

我们有 ISO9001、CB、CE、UL、BIS、UN38.3、KC、PSE。

我们提供功率不超过 10WH 的电池作为免费样品。

每天120,000-150,000件，每个产品有不同的生产能力，您可以根据电子邮件讨论详细信息。

大约35天。 具体时间可以通过邮件来协调。

两周（14天）。

我们一般接受 30% 的预付款作为定金，交货前的 70% 作为最终付款。 其他方式可协商。

我们提供：FOB和CIF。

我们接受通过 TT 付款。

我们已将货物运往北欧、西欧、北美、中东、亚洲、非洲等地。

Batteries are a kind of energy conversion and storage devices that convert chemical or physical energy into electrical energy through reactions. According to the different energy conversion of the battery, the battery can be divided into a chemical battery and a biological battery. A chemical battery or chemical power source is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It comprises two electrochemically active electrodes with different components, respectively, composed of positive and negative electrodes. A chemical substance that can provide media conduction is used as an electrolyte. When connected to an external carrier, it delivers electrical energy by converting its internal chemical energy. A physical battery is a device that converts physical energy into electrical energy.

主要区别在于活性物质不同。 二次电池的活性物质是可逆的，而一次电池的活性物质则不可逆。 一次电池的自放电比二次电池小得多。 然而，内阻比二次电池大得多，因此负载容量较低。 此外，一次电池的质量比容量和体积比容量比现有的可充电电池更显着。

Ni-MH batteries use Ni oxide as the positive electrode, hydrogen storage metal as the negative electrode, and lye (mainly KOH) as the electrolyte. When the nickel-hydrogen battery is charged: Positive electrode reaction: Ni(OH)2 + OH- → NiOOH + H2O–e- Adverse electrode reaction: M+H2O +e-→ MH+ OH- When the Ni-MH battery is discharged: Positive electrode reaction: NiOOH + H2O + e- → Ni(OH)2 + OH- Negative electrode reaction: MH+ OH- →M+H2O +e-

The main component of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery is LiCoO2, and the negative electrode is mainly C. When charging, Positive electrode reaction: LiCoO2 → Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe- Negative reaction: C + xLi+ + xe- → CLix Total battery reaction: LiCoO2 + C → Li1-xCoO2 + CLix The reverse reaction of the above reaction occurs during discharge.

Commonly used IEC standards for batteries: The standard for nickel-metal hydride batteries is IEC61951-2: 2003; the lithium-ion battery industry generally follows UL or national standards. Commonly used national standards for batteries: The standards for nickel-metal hydride batteries are GB/T15100_1994, GB/T18288_2000; the standards for lithium batteries are GB/T10077_1998, YD/T998_1999, and GB/T18287_2000. In addition, the commonly used standards for batteries also include the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C on batteries. IEC, the International Electrical Commission (International Electrical Commission), is a worldwide standardization organization composed of electrical committees of various countries. Its purpose is to promote the standardization of the world's electrical and electronic fields. IEC standards are standards formulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission.

镍氢电池的主要组成部分有正极片（氧化镍）、负极片（储氢合金）、电解液（主要是KOH）、隔膜纸、密封圈、正极帽、电池壳等。

锂离子电池的主要组成部分有电池上下盖、正极片（活性物质为钴酸锂）、隔膜（一种特殊的复合膜）、负极（活性物质为碳）、有机电解液、电池壳（分为钢壳和铝壳两种）等等。

是指电池工作时电流流过电池所经历的电阻。 它由欧姆内阻和极化内阻组成。 电池显着的内阻会降低电池放电工作电压，缩短放电时间。 内阻主要受电池材料、制造工艺、电池结构等因素影响。 它是衡量电池性能的重要参数。 注：一般以充电状态下的内阻为标准。 计算电池内阻时，应使用专用内阻计，而不是欧姆量程的万用表。

电池的标称电压是指正常工作时表现出的电压。 二次镍镉​​镍氢电池标称电压为1.2V； 二次锂电池的标称电压为3.6V。

开路电压是指电池不工作时，即电路中没有电流流过时，电池正负极之间的电位差。 工作电压又称端电压，是指电池工作时，即电路中存在过电流时，电池正负极之间的电位差。

电池的容量分为额定功率和实际容量。 电池的额定容量是指在设计和制造时规定或保证电池在一定的放电条件下应放出的最低电量。 IEC标准规定镍镉和镍氢电池在0.1℃±16℃的温度下以0.2C充电1.0小时，以20C放电至5V。 电池的额定容量用C5表示。 锂离子电池规定在常温、恒流（3C）-恒压（1V）控制苛刻条件下充电4.2小时，放电至额定容量时以0.2C至2.75V放电。 电池的实际容量是指在一定的放电条件下暴放出的真实电量，主要受放电倍率和温度的影响（所以严格来说，电池容量应该注明充放电条件）。 电池容量的单位为Ah、mAh（1Ah=1000mAh）。

充电电池在大电流（如1C以上）放电时，由于电流过流内部扩散速率存在“瓶颈效应”，在容量未完全放完时，电池已达到端电压，然后用0.2C等小电流可以继续去除，直至1.0V/个（镍镉、镍氢电池）和3.0V/个（锂电池），释放出的容量称为剩余容量。

镍氢充电电池的放电平台通常是指在特定的放电制度下放电时电池工作电压相对稳定的电压范围。 其值与放电电流有关。 电流越大，重量越轻。 锂离子电池的放电平台一般是电压为4.2V时停止充电，恒压电流小于0.01C，放置10分钟，以任意倍率放电至3.6V当前的。 是衡量电池质量的必要标准。

根据IEC标准，镍氢电池的标志由5部分组成。 01) Battery type: HF and HR indicate nickel-metal hydride batteries 02) Battery size information: including the diameter and height of the round battery, the height, width, and thickness of the square battery, and the values ​​are separated by a slash, unit: mm 03) Discharge characteristic symbol: L means that the suitable discharge current rate is within 0.5C M indicates that the suitable discharge current rate is within 0.5-3.5C H indicates that the suitable discharge current rate is within 3.5-7.0C X indicates that the battery can work at a high rate discharge current of 7C-15C. 04) High-temperature battery symbol: represented by T 05) Battery connection piece: CF represents no connection piece, HH represents the connection piece for battery pull-type series connection, and HB represents the connection piece for side-by-side series connection of battery belts. 例如，HF18/07/49代表方形镍氢电池，宽度为18mm、7mm、高度为49mm。 KRMT33/62HH代表镍镉电池； 放电倍率0.5C-3.5之间，高温系列单体电池（不含连接片），直径33mm，高度62mm。 According to the IEC61960 standard, the identification of the secondary lithium battery is as follows: 01) The battery logo composition: 3 letters, followed by five numbers (cylindrical) or 6 (square) numbers. 02）第​​一个字母：表示电池的有害电极材料。 I——代表锂离子内置电池； L——代表锂金属电极或锂合金电极。 03）第二个字母：表示电池的正极材料。 C——钴基焊条； N——镍基电极； M——锰基焊条； V——钒基电极。 04）第三个字母：表示电池的形状。 R-代表圆柱电池； L-代表方形电池。 05）数字：圆柱形电池：5个数字分别表示风暴的直径和高度。 直径的单位是毫米，尺寸的单位是十分之一毫米。 当任何直径或高度大于或等于100mm时，应在两个尺寸之间加一条对角线。 方形电池：6个数字表示风暴的厚度、宽度和高度，单位为毫米。 当三个尺寸中任意一个大于或等于100mm时，尺寸之间应加斜线；如果三个尺寸中的任何一个小于1毫米，则在该尺寸前面添加字母“t”，该尺寸的单位是十分之一毫米。 例如ICR18650代表圆柱形二次锂离子电池； 正极材料为钴，直径约为18mm，高度约为65mm。 ICR20/1050。 ICP083448代表方形二次锂离子电池； 正极材料为钴，厚度约为8mm，宽度约为34mm，高度约为48mm。 ICP08/34/150代表方形二次锂离子电池； 正极材料为钴，厚度约为8mm，宽度约为34mm，高度约为150mm。

01) Non-dry meson (paper) such as fiber paper, double-sided tape 02) PVC film, trademark tube 03) Connecting sheet: stainless steel sheet, pure nickel sheet, nickel-plated steel sheet 04) Lead-out piece: stainless steel piece (easy to solder) Pure nickel sheet (spot-welded firmly) 05) Plugs 06) Protection components such as temperature control switches, overcurrent protectors, current limiting resistors 07) Carton, paper box 08) Plastic shell

01) Beautiful, brand 02) The battery voltage is limited. To obtain a higher voltage, it must connect multiple batteries in series. 03) Protect the battery, prevent short circuits, and prolong battery life 04) Size limitation 05) Easy to transport 06) Design of special functions, such as waterproof, unique appearance design, etc.

主要包括电压、内阻、容量、能量密度、内压、自放电率、循环寿命、密封性能、安全性能、存储性能、外观等，还有过充、过放、耐腐蚀等。

01) Cycle life 02) Different rate discharge characteristics 03) Discharge characteristics at different temperatures 04) Charging characteristics 05) Self-discharge characteristics 06) Storage characteristics 07) Over-discharge characteristics 08) Internal resistance characteristics at different temperatures 09) Temperature cycle test 10) Drop test 11) Vibration test 12) Capacity test 13) Internal resistance test 14) GMS test 15) High and low-temperature impact test 16) Mechanical shock test 17) High temperature and high humidity test

01) Short circuit test 02) Overcharge and over-discharge test 03) Withstand voltage test 04) Impact test 05) Vibration test 06) Heating test 07) Fire test 09) Variable temperature cycle test 10) Trickle charge test 11) Free drop test 12) low air pressure test 13) Forced discharge test 15) Electric heating plate test 17) Thermal shock test 19) Acupuncture test 20) Squeeze test 21) Heavy object impact test

Charging method of Ni-MH battery: 01) Constant current charging: the charging current is a specific value in the whole charging process; this method is the most common; 02) Constant voltage charging: During the charging process, both ends of the charging power supply maintain a constant value, and the current in the circuit gradually decreases as the battery voltage increases; 03) Constant current and constant voltage charging: The battery is first charged with constant current (CC). When the battery voltage rises to a specific value, the voltage remains unchanged (CV), and the wind in the circuit drops to a small amount, eventually tending to zero. Lithium battery charging method: Constant current and constant voltage charging: The battery is first charged with constant current (CC). When the battery voltage rises to a specific value, the voltage remains unchanged (CV), and the wind in the circuit drops to a small amount, eventually tending to zero.

IEC国际标准规定，镍氢电池的标准充放电为：先将电池以0.2C放电至1.0V/个，然后以0.1C充电16小时，放置1小时，放以0.2C至1.0V/个，即以电池标准充放电。

脉冲充电一般采用充放电，设定5秒后释放1秒。 它将在放电脉冲下将充电过程中产生的大部分氧气还原为电解质。 它不仅限制了内部电解液的蒸发量，而且那些严重极化的旧电池在使用这种充电方法充放电5-10次后会逐渐恢复或接近原始容量。

涓流充电用于弥补电池充满电后自放电造成的容量损失。 一般采用脉冲电流充电来达到上述目的。

充电效率是指电池在充电过程中消耗的电能转化为电池可以储存的化学能的程度。 主要受电池技术和暴风雨的工作环境温度影响——一般环境温度越高，充电效率越低。

放电效率是指在一定的放电条件下放电至额定容量时的实际功率。 主要受放电倍率、环境温度、内阻等因素影响。 一般来说，放电率越高，放电率越高。 放电效率越低。 温度越低，放电效率越低。

The output power of a battery refers to the ability to output energy per unit time. It is calculated based on the discharge current I and the discharge voltage, P=U*I, the unit is watts. The lower the internal resistance of the battery, the higher the output power. The internal resistance of the battery should be less than the internal resistance of the electrical appliance. Otherwise, the battery itself consumes more power than the electrical appliance, which is uneconomical and may damage the battery.

Self-discharge is also called charge retention capability, which refers to the retention capability of the battery's stored power under certain environmental conditions in an open circuit state. Generally speaking, self-discharge is mainly affected by manufacturing processes, materials, and storage conditions. Self-discharge is one of the main parameters to measure battery performance. Generally speaking, the lower the storage temperature of the battery, the lower the self-discharge rate, but it should also note that the temperature is too low or too high, which may damage the battery and become unusable. After the battery is fully charged and left open for some time, a certain degree of self-discharge is average. The IEC standard stipulates that after fully charged, Ni-MH batteries should be left open for 28 days at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and humidity of (65±20)%, and the 0.2C discharge capacity will reach 60% of the initial total.

The self-discharge test of lithium battery is: Generally, 24-hour self-discharge is used to test its charge retention capacity quickly. The battery is discharged at 0.2C to 3.0V, constant current. Constant voltage is charged to 4.2V, cut-off current: 10mA, after 15 minutes of storage, discharge at 1C to 3.0 V test its discharge capacity C1, then set the battery with constant current and constant voltage 1C to 4.2V, cut-off current: 10mA, and measure 1C capacity C2 after being left for 24 hours. C2/C1*100% should be more significant than 99%.

The internal resistance in the charged state refers to the internal resistance when the battery is 100% fully charged; the internal resistance in the discharged state refers to the internal resistance after the battery is fully discharged. Generally speaking, the internal resistance in the discharged state is not stable and is too large. The internal resistance in the charged state is more minor, and the resistance value is relatively stable. During the battery's use, only the charged state's internal resistance is of practical significance. In the later period of the battery's help, due to the exhaustion of the electrolyte and the reduction of the activity of internal chemical substances, the battery's internal resistance will increase to varying degrees.

静态内阻是电池放电时的内阻，动态内阻是电池充电时的内阻。

The IEC stipulates that the standard overcharge test for nickel-metal hydride batteries is: Discharge the battery at 0.2C to 1.0V/piece, and charge it continuously at 0.1C for 48 hours. The battery should have no deformation or leakage. After overcharge, the discharge time from 0.2C to 1.0V should be more than 5 hours.

IEC stipulates that the standard cycle life test of nickel-metal hydride batteries is: After the battery is placed at 0.2C to 1.0V/pc 01) Charge at 0.1C for 16 hours, then discharge at 0.2C for 2 hours and 30 minutes (one cycle) 02) Charge at 0.25C for 3 hours and 10 minutes, and discharge at 0.25C for 2 hours and 20 minutes (2-48 cycles) 03) Charge at 0.25C for 3 hours and 10 minutes, and release to 1.0V at 0.25C (49th cycle) 04) Charge at 0.1C for 16 hours, put it aside for 1 hour, discharge at 0.2C to 1.0V (50th cycle). For nickel-metal hydride batteries, after repeating 400 cycles of 1-4, the 0.2C discharge time should be more significant than 3 hours; for nickel-cadmium batteries, repeating a total of 500 cycles of 1-4, the 0.2C discharge time should be more critical than 3 hours.

Refers to the internal air pressure of the battery, which is caused by the gas generated during the charging and discharging of the sealed battery and is mainly affected by battery materials, manufacturing processes, and battery structure. The main reason for this is that the gas generated by the decomposition of moisture and organic solution inside the battery accumulates. Generally, the internal pressure of the battery is maintained at an average level. In the case of overcharge or over-discharge, the internal pressure of the battery may increase: For example, overcharge, positive electrode: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑; ① The generated oxygen reacts with the hydrogen precipitated on the negative electrode to produce water 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ② If the speed of reaction ② is lower than that of reaction ①, the oxygen generated will not be consumed in time, which will cause the internal pressure of the battery to rise.

IEC stipulates that the standard charge retention test for nickel-metal hydride batteries is: After putting the battery at 0.2C to 1.0V, charge it at 0.1C for 16 hours, store it at 20℃±5℃ and humidity of 65%±20%, keep it for 28 days, then discharge it to 1.0V at 0.2C, and Ni-MH batteries should be more than 3 hours. The national standard stipulates that the standard charge retention test for lithium batteries is: (IEC has no relevant standards) the battery is placed at 0.2C to 3.0/piece, and then charged to 4.2V at a constant current and voltage of 1C, with a cut-off wind of 10mA and a temperature of 20 After storing for 28 days at ℃±5℃, discharge it to 2.75V at 0.2C and calculate the discharge capacity. Compared with the battery's nominal capacity, it should be no less than 85% of the initial total.

用内阻≤100mΩ的导线连接防爆箱内充满电的电池正负极，使正负极短路。 电池不应爆炸或着火。

The high temperature and humidity test of Ni-MH battery are: After the battery is fully charged, store it under constant temperature and humidity conditions for several days, and observe no leakage during storage. The high temperature and high humidity test of lithium battery is: (national standard) Charge the battery with 1C constant current and constant voltage to 4.2V, cut-off current of 10mA, and then put it in a continuous temperature and humidity box at (40±2)℃ and relative humidity of 90%-95% for 48h, then take out the battery in (20 Leave it at ±5)℃ for two h. Observe that the appearance of the battery should be standard. Then discharge to 2.75V at a constant current of 1C, and then perform 1C charging and 1C discharge cycles at (20±5)℃ until the discharge capacity Not less than 85% of the initial total, but the number of cycles is not more than three times.

电池充满电后，放入烘箱中，以5℃/min的速度从室温开始升温。 电池充满电后，放入烘箱中，以5℃/min的速度从室温开始升温。 130°C/分钟。当烤箱温度达到30°C时，保持130分钟。电池不应爆炸或着火。当烤箱温度达到30°C时，保持XNUMX分钟。电池不应爆炸或着火。

The temperature cycle experiment contains 27 cycles, and each process consists of the following steps: 01) The battery is changed from average temperature to 66±3℃, placed for 1 hour under the condition of 15±5%, 02) Switch to a temperature of 33±3°C and humidity of 90±5°C for 1 hour, 03) The condition is changed to -40±3℃ and placed for 1 hour 04) Put the battery at 25℃ for 0.5 hours These four steps complete a cycle. After 27 cycles of experiments, the battery should have no leakage, alkali climbing, rust, or other abnormal conditions.

电池或电池组充满电后，从1m高处跌落至混凝土（或水泥）地面XNUMX次，获得随机方向的冲击。

The vibration test method of Ni-MH battery is: After discharging the battery to 1.0V at 0.2C, charge it at 0.1C for 16 hours, and then vibrate under the following conditions after being left for 24 hours: Amplitude: 0.8mm Make the battery vibrate between 10HZ-55HZ, increasing or decreasing at a vibration rate of 1HZ every minute. The battery voltage change should be within ±0.02V, and the internal resistance change should be within ±5mΩ. (Vibration time is 90min) The lithium battery vibration test method is: After the battery is discharged to 3.0V at 0.2C, it is charged to 4.2V with constant current and constant voltage at 1C, and the cut-off current is 10mA. After being left for 24 hours, it will vibrate under the following conditions: The vibration experiment is carried out with the vibration frequency from 10 Hz to 60 Hz to 10 Hz in 5 minutes, and the amplitude is 0.06 inches. The battery vibrates in three-axis directions, and each axis shakes for half an hour. The battery voltage change should be within ±0.02V, and the internal resistance change should be within ±5mΩ.

电池充满电后，水平放置一根硬棒，将20磅重的物体从一定高度落到硬棒上。 电池不应爆炸或着火。

电池充满电后，将特定直径的钉子穿过风暴中心，并将钉子留在电池中。 电池不应爆炸或着火。

将充满电的电池放在带有独特防火保护罩的加热装置上，并且不会有碎片穿过保护罩。

通过了ISO9001：2000质量体系认证和ISO14001：2004环保体系认证； 产品获得欧盟CE认证和北美UL认证，通过SGS环保检测，并获得Ovonic专利许可； 同时，人保财险已批准该公司产品在全球范围承保。

即用型电池是公司推出的新型高荷电保持率镍氢电池。 是一种具有原、二次电池双重性能、可替代原电池的耐储存电池。 也就是说，该电池可以回收利用，并且在与普通镍氢二次电池相同的时间内储存后具有更高的剩余电量。

Compared with similar products, this product has the following remarkable features: 01) Smaller self-discharge; 02) Longer storage time; 03) Over-discharge resistance; 04) Long cycle life; 05) Especially when the battery voltage is lower than 1.0V, it has a good capacity recovery function; More importantly, this type of battery has a charge retention rate of up to 75% when stored in an environment of 25°C for one year, so this battery is the ideal product to replace disposable batteries.

01) Please read the battery manual carefully before use; 02) The electrical and battery contacts should be clean, wiped clean with a damp cloth if necessary, and installed according to the polarity mark after drying; 03) Do not mix old and new batteries, and different types of batteries of the same model can not be combined so as not to reduce the efficiency of use; 04) The disposable battery cannot be regenerated by heating or charging; 05) Do not short-circuit the battery; 06) Do not disassemble and heat the battery or throw the battery into the water; 07) When electrical appliances are not in use for a long time, it should remove the battery, and it should turn the switch off after use; 08) Do not discard waste batteries randomly, and separate them from other garbage as much as possible to avoid polluting the environment; 09) When there is no adult supervision, do not allow children to replace the battery. Small batteries should be placed out of the reach of children; 10) it should store the battery in a cool, dry place without direct sunlight.

At present, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are widely used in various portable electrical equipment (such as notebook computers, cameras, and mobile phones). Each rechargeable battery has its unique chemical properties. The main difference between nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries is that the energy density of nickel-metal hydride batteries is relatively high. Compared with batteries of the same type, the capacity of Ni-MH batteries is twice that of Ni-Cd batteries. This means that the use of nickel-metal hydride batteries can significantly extend the working time of the equipment when no additional weight is added to the electrical equipment. Another advantage of nickel-metal hydride batteries is that they significantly reduce the "memory effect" problem in cadmium batteries to use nickel-metal hydride batteries more conveniently. Ni-MH batteries are more environmentally friendly than Ni-Cd batteries because there are no toxic heavy metal elements inside. Li-ion has also quickly become a common power source for portable devices. Li-ion can provide the same energy as Ni-MH batteries but can reduce weight by about 35%, suitable for electrical equipment such as cameras and laptops. It is crucial. Li-ion has no "memory effect," The advantages of no toxic substances are also essential factors that make it a common power source. It will significantly reduce the discharge efficiency of Ni-MH batteries at low temperatures. Generally, the charging efficiency will increase with the increase of temperature. However, when the temperature rises above 45°C, the performance of rechargeable battery materials at high temperatures will degrade, and it will significantly shorten the battery's cycle life.

倍率放电是指燃烧时放电电流（A）与额定容量（A·h）之间的速率关系。 小时率放电是指在特定的输出电流下放出额定容量所需的小时数。

Since the battery in a digital camera has a low temperature, the active material activity is significantly reduced, which may not provide the camera's standard operating current, so outdoor shooting in areas with low temperature, especially. Pay attention to the warmth of the camera or battery.

充电 -10—45℃ 放电 -30—55℃

如果将不同容量的新旧电池混用或一起使用，可能会出现漏液、零电压等现象，这是由于充电过程中电量的差异，导致部分电池在充电时出现过充现象。 有些电池没有充满电，放电时还有容量。 高容量电池未完全放电，低容量电池过度放电。 如此恶性循环，导致电池损坏、漏液或电压低（零）。

将电池的外部两端连接到任何导体上都会导致外部短路。 短期使用可能会给不同类型的电池带来严重的后果，如电解液温度升高、内部气压升高等。如果气压超过电池盖的耐受电压，电池就会漏液。 这种情况会严重损坏电池。 如果安全阀失效，甚至可能引起爆炸。 因此，请勿使电池外部短路。

01) Charging: When choosing a charger, it is best to use a charger with correct charging termination devices (such as anti-overcharge time devices, negative voltage difference (-V) cut-off charging, and anti-overheating induction devices) to avoid shortening the battery life due to overcharging. Generally speaking, slow charging can prolong the service life of the battery better than fast charging. 02) Discharge: a. The depth of discharge is the main factor affecting battery life. The higher the depth of release, the shorter the battery life. In other words, as long as the depth of discharge is reduced, it can significantly extend the battery's service life. Therefore, we should avoid over-discharging the battery to a very low voltage. b. When the battery is discharged at a high temperature, it will shorten its service life. c. If the designed electronic equipment cannot completely stop all current, if the equipment is left unused for a long time without taking out the battery, the residual current will sometimes cause the battery to be excessively consumed, causing the storm to over-discharge. d. When using batteries with different capacities, chemical structures, or different charge levels, as well as batteries of various old and new types, the batteries will discharge too much and even cause reverse polarity charging. 03) Storage: If the battery is stored at a high temperature for a long time, it will attenuate its electrode activity and shorten its service life.

如果长时间不使用电器，最好将电池取出，放在低温、干燥的地方。 如果不这样做，即使关闭电器，系统仍然会使电池有低电流输出，从而缩短暴风雨的使用寿命。

According to the IEC standard, it should store the battery at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and humidity of (65±20)%. Generally speaking, the higher the storage temperature of the storm, the lower the remaining rate of capacity, and vice versa, the best place to store the battery when the refrigerator temperature is 0℃-10℃, especially for primary batteries. Even if the secondary battery loses its capacity after storage, it can be recovered as long as it is recharged and discharged several times. In theory, there is always energy loss when the battery is stored. The inherent electrochemical structure of the battery determines that the battery capacity is inevitably lost, mainly due to self-discharge. Usually, the self-discharge size is related to the solubility of the positive electrode material in the electrolyte and its instability (accessible to self-decompose) after being heated. The self-discharge of rechargeable batteries is much higher than that of primary batteries. If you want to store the battery for a long time, it is best to put it in a dry and low-temperature environment and keep the remaining battery power at about 40%. Of course, it is best to take out the battery once a month to ensure the excellent storage condition of the storm, but not to completely drain the battery and damage the battery.

A battery that is internationally prescribed as a standard for measuring potential (potential). It was invented by American electrical engineer E. Weston in 1892, so it is also called Weston battery. The positive electrode of the standard battery is the mercury sulfate electrode, the negative electrode is cadmium amalgam metal (containing 10% or 12.5% ​​cadmium), and the electrolyte is acidic, saturated cadmium sulfate aqueous solution, which is saturated cadmium sulfate and mercurous sulfate aqueous solution.

01) External short circuit or overcharge or reverse charge of the battery (forced over-discharge); 02) The battery is continuously overcharged by high-rate and high-current, which causes the battery core to expand, and the positive and negative electrodes are directly contacted and short-circuited; 03) The battery is short-circuited or slightly short-circuited. For example, improper placement of the positive and negative poles causes the pole piece to contact the short circuit, positive electrode contact, etc.

01) Whether a single battery has zero voltage; 02) The plug is short-circuited or disconnected, and the connection to the plug is not good; 03) Desoldering and virtual welding of lead wire and battery; 04) The internal connection of the battery is incorrect, and the connection sheet and the battery are leaked, soldered, and unsoldered, etc.; 05) The electronic components inside the battery are incorrectly connected and damaged.

To prevent the battery from being overcharged, it is necessary to control the charging endpoint. When the battery is complete, there will be some unique information that it can use to judge whether the charging has reached the endpoint. Generally, there are the following six methods to prevent the battery from being overcharged: 01) Peak voltage control: Determine the end of charging by detecting the peak voltage of the battery; 02) dT/DT control: Determine the end of charging by detecting the peak temperature change rate of the battery; 03) △T control: When the battery is fully charged, the difference between the temperature and the ambient temperature will reach the maximum; 04) -△V control: When the battery is fully charged and reaches a peak voltage, the voltage will drop by a particular value; 05) Timing control: control the endpoint of charging by setting a specific charging time, generally set the time required to charge 130% of the nominal capacity to handle;

01) Zero-voltage battery or zero-voltage battery in the battery pack; 02) The battery pack is disconnected, the internal electronic components and the protection circuit is abnormal; 03) The charging equipment is faulty, and there is no output current; 04) External factors cause the charging efficiency to be too low (such as extremely low or extremely high temperature).